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A consulting engineer are called by client when client does not has engineering capability, his engineering staff not qualified in work area, client cannot free his engineering staff from present commitments, or client needs an outside objective analysis (Refer to article Reason for engaging civil and structural engineers).

Normally the work of civil and structural consulting engineer starts when then engineer signs a contract with client. Frequently, the employment of civil and structural consulting engineer will continue whenever the first task for client has been fully satisfied. In a design office such as civil and structural consultant, there are a number of work needs to be done as follow:

Feasibility studies.

When client has a general idea of what he wants on a specific assignment, he may be uncertain about the scope of work. Consulting engineer is called and carry out studies and reports in variety of way. Based on the reports forwarded to client, client is able to determine the workability of his assignment

Preliminary design.

After a project is awarded to engineer, initially client may want to know some preliminary information such as initial cost estimation, equipments, local authorities’ requirements etc. Consulting engineer plays an important role in this matter. In this stage, it may start with some submission of works to authorities for approval.

Liaise with client, architect, quantity surveyors, mechanical and electrical engineers and local authorities.

In order to accomplish the project, civil and structural consulting engineer has to all the time liaise with client and update the changes of client. During the preparation of the preliminary design, civil and structural engineer needs to liaise to architect, quantity surveyors, mechanical and electrical engineers and local authorities. He has to incorporate the entire requirement from these parties into his design.

Detailed design.

Further to the requirement obtained, he is able to prepare detail design such as actual building structural, drainage system, water supply and sewer system for the project.

Preparation of drawings.

All these details are further transform into drawings.

Cost estimation.

When details design drawings is ready, consulting engineer may require preparing cost estimation for client. If client has in house quantities surveyors, he will carry out his own cost estimation and compare with consulting engineer results. Budget will be checked.

Preparation of tender document.

When all the requirements and needs have satisfied the client, it wills be the time for preparing tender document. Tendering will be called.

Evaluation of tender.

After tender closed, reports for evaluation of tender will be forwarded to client. In the reports, engineer will propose recommendation to client. Client will based on his best judgment and select a candidate.

Getting approval from authorities.

During preliminary design until tendering or even during construction, consulting engineer needs to liaise with authorities for getting all necessary approval from local authorities. Without the approval from authorities, project cannot be accomplished.

Project supervision.

After the awarded of project to candidate, project will commence. This is the time of supervision of project start. Throughout the project, quality control must be given the highest priority. Civil and structural consulting engineer will base on his best ability to monitor the project. Attention to quality control during the design and bidding stages will be wasted if adequate of inspection by the consulting engineer is not carried out during construction.

Civil and structural consulting engineer is all the time facing with items that mention above. He will be based on his own professionalism to overcome the mention matters.

Submitted by: Davis Robin

Mardy Eger has given real significance to the day of Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving Day had filled the year of 2014 with joy and lots of love to 250 families and counting. Mardy Eger had offered them with thousands of boxes filled with delicious food. This has happened in the small community in Raleigh of North Carolina has just boost up the needy peoples strength. It happened all due to labor of love of none other than Mr.Mardy Eger and his Family and Staff. People just speak of well-being, but these guys, these guys have made it into a reality.

A victim to the worlds most evil deed which is Domestic Violence, Mardy lost his beloved mother at the hands of his father at the young and tender age of 10 years of age. He had a year of dismay which led to tragedies that left him without a mother, grandparents and many others of his family members. He was brought up as an orphan.

Mardy and his wife also faced hard times such as bankruptcy. But Mr & Mrs Eger were never melancholy; they always had hope and high spirits. Because of their good will only the Eger couple stood together firmly for almost 20years fighting against the domestic violence, the enemy of society, child abuse and human trafficking. This is all a filth filled in the world which has to be eradicated and thus Mardy Eger has taken steps to bring the world out of the blues.

Mr & Mrs Eger have started a Non-Profit Foundation for a contiguous war against Domestic Violence. The families which were listed and were fed include battered mothers, battered children, homeless and families that have suffered because of any misfortune.

Mardy Eger has been a giant in the mlm industry for several years and dominating the industry for right at a decade. His fame and notoriety came when this humble but much focused self-made millionaire personally sponsored over 1,000 personal recruits into a mlm biz op using methods and systems that he created to dominate the company as #1 earner. mentor and recruiter, the rest became history.

Hoping he had found a lifetime home, this particular company shut its doors and he was forced to move to another home and company, and in the same fashion, again duplication, he did it again, Mardy Eger soon became one of the worlds top mentors, recruiters, and earners on the globe, at one point earning him a #26 in the world spot on a roster of thousands of top marketers worldwide.

Mr Mardy Eger was asked at a grand festival of book-sellers that what is the reason behind doing such good hearted deeds to which Mardy politely replied with a smile I am a servant to all that have or are going through something. I am also here to not only assist through those times but to also give hope and let people know that yes they can make it, yes theres someone that loves them and yes their lives can turn around, it happened or me and I will help them realize their dreams no matter where they are, and Im human and no different than they are and yes they can and will make it. Thats my call”

Mr.Eger is currently hooked up in the preparations for the launch of his new book, first quarter 2015.

About the Author: For more information about mardy eger mlm:

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Submitted by: Leonora Hatfield

AFG Athena is one of the thousand competitors in the market that delivers baby furniture. For 25 long years of engineering products at their best, AFG Athena always tried their best, striving to achieve the excellent fixtures, delivering the comfort as needed by the market. AFG Athena highly values the trust as they in turn gives and offers the best quality products that are totally worthier than what the market paid for.

AFG Athena Spring Baby Cribs is one of their proud artworks intently made for the little ones desire. It tenders the sleek sophisticated design that undoubtedly outstands in any nursery. It as well renders the comfort and convenience as mostly needed by the little ones. AFG Athena Spring Cribs as well, tenders versatility; as offered by AFG Athena Spring to truly render its quality more than what the market deserves.

AFG Athena Spring 3 in 1 Convertible Crib, measures 59″ x 29.5″ x 52″ dimensions in inches. It is skillfully crafted with well-architected curved rear panel, lowered front panel, a sleigh like side panels, and a well-spaced wooden railing for security and better parents inner view. It also features a 2-drawer changer attached underneath the crib for storage spaces. AFG International Athena Spring with 2-Darwer Changer Dresser is offered in three classy finishes. These are the AFG International Athena Spring 3-in-1 Convertible Crib in Espresso, AFG International Athena Spring 3-in-1 Convertible Crib in Black, and AFG International Athena Spring 3-in-1 Convertible Crib in Mocha.

AFG Athena delivers true comfort and convenience, might as well prioritizes the security and safety for the little ones. Highlighting the importance of the little ones safety, AFG Athena Spring Cribs are well-built from the sustainable hardwood. As solidly compacted, it ensures the robustness and sturdiness of the crib; which truly guarantees to keep the crib firm on its feet even as the little one mischievously moves in it. It is as well-built solidly, to ensure the versatility to lasts in generations. AFG Athena Spring 3-in-1 Convertible Crib features not just mere traditional but transitional as well. It can be converted into a toddler bed, and a full size bed for extended use.

As AFG Athena Spring values the safety of the little ones, AFG Athena Spring Convertible Crib features as well a stationary sides with non-movable rails for security. It also includes adjustable metal mattresses ideally changed up to 4 levels in accordance for the growing little one.

As majority of the AFG Athena Spring Crib users remarked in the AFG Athena Spring Crib Review, they totally find the AFG Athena Spring Crib a remarkable one. It totally gives fad and beauty, making each nursery an exquisite one. It as well excels in pampering the little one to sleeps and succeeded as well in keeping the baby safe from harm. AFG Athena Spring Crib passed and exceeded all the safety requirements set forth by the US Standards.

Visit AFG Athena Spring Baby Crib reviews to learn more about the crib.

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I Will Let You In On All About The Diagnosis Of Hemorrhoids

by

Jason Bo Han

Let me share with you all about the diagnosis of hemorrhoids.

The list of diagnostic tests mentioned in various sources as used in the diagnosis of hemorrhoids includes physical exam, digital rectal exam, anoscope exam, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and proctoscopy.

Most individuals who have hemorrhoids discover them in one of several ways. They either feel the lump of an external hemorrhoid when they wipe themselves after a bowel movement, note drops of blood in the toilet bowl or on the toilet paper, or feel a prolapsing hemorrhoid (protruding from the anus) after bowel movements. Severe anal pain may occur when an external hemorrhoid thromboses, or a prolapsing internal hemorrhoid becomes gangrenous. Symptoms of anal discomfort and itching may occur, but anal conditions other than hemorrhoids are more likely to cause these symptoms than hemorrhoids. (Hemorrhoids often get a “bum rap” for such symptoms since both hemorrhoids and other anal conditions are common and may occur together. For example, up to 20% of individuals with hemorrhoids also have anal fissures)

Bleeding is a characteristic symptom of digestive diseases such as colorectal cancer, anal fissures, fistulae, perianal (i.e., around the anus) skin disease, infections, and tumors, and a doctor is required to thoroughly examine the anus and rectum to locate swollen blood vessels that indicate hemorrhoids. Physical examination of the rectum is performed with a gloved, lubricated finger to feel for the abnormalities. Scrapings or biopsy samples of perianal skin are collected and tested for skin disease if required. External hemorrhoids appear like a bump or dark area surrounding the anus and a tender lump indicates that the hemorrhoid is thrombosed. An anoscope is used to thoroughly examine and detect internal hemorrhoids. It is a three-inch long tapering, metal or clear plastic hollow tube with an approximate diameter of one inch at the viewing end. The anoscope is lubricated and inserted through the anus into the rectum and upon withdrawing, a clear view of any internal hemorrhoids can be seen. Anoscopy is also a good diagnostic procedure to detect anal fissures. Indirect anoscopy makes use of a special mirror for visualizing a patients anus wherein the patient is seated and directed to strain on a toilet. A physician can detect exactly what is prolapsing with the help of indirect anoscopy; it could be a hemorrhoid, rectal lining, rectal polyp or the rectum itself (i.e., a condition called procidentia).

Rectal bleeding is the most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids. Since bleeding can also be a symptom of other more serious disorders (such as colon cancer), it’s important to get an accurate diagnosis.

In order to diagnosis the proper condition doctors will execute specific tests. External hemorrhoids are usually easier to diagnosis because they are outside of the anus and can easily be recognized. Internal hemorrhoids are much harder to diagnosis because they are inside of the anus. The doctor may execute a rectal examination with their gloved finger to discover the swollen hemorrhoid deep inside of the anus. Yet, to be more correct they might use an anoscope examination. Anoscopes is a tapering three inch long clear plastic or metal hollow tube that is one inch in diameter. The doctor will lube it before inserting it into the anus through the anal canal and into the rectum. When it is being withdrawn the doctor will be able to distinguish the internal hemorrhoids. If the patient is straining it will make them more visual. Indirect anoscopy may also be utilized to diagnose hemorrhoids. The doctor will use a special mirror to help see the patient’s anus better while they are sitting down and straining while on the toilet. During this procedure the doctor will be able to see the effects that the straining is having on the patient’s anus. This will also make it easier for them to see any lumps that could be identified as hemorrhoids.

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